Generation Method Of X-ray Machine

Three methods can generate X-ray: bremsstrahlung, electron capture, and internal conversion. The mechanism of X-ray generation by X-ray machine belongs to bremsstrahlung.
Electron capture:
β Decay includes three ways: β- Decay β+ Decay and electron capture (EC). The decay of electron capture (EC) can be expressed as that the parent nucleus captures an extranuclear orbital electron to convert a proton in the nucleus into a neutron and release a neutrino, so the charge number of the daughter nucleus becomes Z-1, while the mass number remains unchanged. In general, electrons on the K layer are mostly captured by the atomic nucleus, because the K layer is closest to the atomic nucleus, the probability of being captured is the largest, However, the probability of electrons being captured on the L-layer also exists. After the atomic nucleus captures electrons, an electron vacancy will appear in the K or L layer of the sub nucleus atom. When an outer electron fills this vacancy, one of the following two situations may occur: either the excess energy is released in the form of labeled X-rays, or the excess energy is handed over to other electrons on the other layer, which obtains energy and detaches from the atom, It becomes Auger electron. The emission accompanied by X-ray or Auger electron is a sign of K capture process
Internal conversion:
Nuclei can be formed in a certain way (such as β Decay) reaches the excited state, and the nucleus in the excited state can emit γ The ray transitions to the low excited state or ground state, which is called γ Decay, also known as γ Transitions. There is no essential difference between the photons emitted from nuclear level transitions and those emitted from atomic level transitions. The difference is that the photon energy emitted from atomic level transitions is only eV~keV, while the photon energy emitted from nuclear level transitions is MeV. When the recoil of the nucleus is not considered, the photon energy Eg can be expressed in the following form Eg=Es Ex. Sometimes the transition of the atomic nucleus from the excited state to the lower energy state does not emit photons, Instead, the energy is directly delivered to the electrons outside the nucleus to make the electrons break away from the atom. This phenomenon is called internal conversion (IC). The electrons breaking away from the atom are called internal conversion electrons. The atomic nucleus in the excited state can emit γ When photons return to the ground state, they can also return to the ground state by generating internal conversion electrons. What happens depends entirely on the energy level characteristics of the nucleus. The sum of the kinetic energy of the internal conversion electrons and the ionization energy of the shell electrons should be the energy difference between the two energy levels of the atomic nucleus. That is, it is equal to the radiation from the transition between the two atomic nuclear energy levels γ The energy of photons. The study of internal conversion is an important means to obtain knowledge about nuclear energy. Of course, the characteristic X-ray of atoms can also be generated by internal conversion